Hydrocarbon-burner



(No Model.)

W. H. AMES. HYDROGARBON BURNER.

,Patented Deo. 22, 1891.

451'.; To rh ey- UNITED' STATES PATENT OFFICE.

IVILLIAM HADVEN AMES, OF EASTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

HYDROCARBON-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 465,746, dated December 22, 1891.

Application led July '7, 1890. Serial No. 357,943. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM HADWEN AMES, a citizen of the United States, residing at Easton, in the county of Bristol and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon- Burners; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

Figure l is a side elevation of this device.

Fig. 2 is a sectional View of the burner. Fig. 3'is the front elevation or furnace side of the` burner. Fig. 4; is a plan view of one of the gauze-plates.

This device belongs to that class called hydrocarbonburners, which 'are chieliy used in furnaces; and the novelty consists in the structure of the several parts in their combination with each other, and in the device as a Whole, all as will be more fully described, as well as pointed out in the claims.

As this device is lattached to the furnace in any well-known orusualwa'y,itisnotnecessary now to show anything but the burner itself, and generally designate how it may be applied to the furnace.

In the drawings, A denotes the flange by which the burner is bolted to the furnace through bolt-holes a. The nozzle B is suitably attached to this plate at about its center and at the rear of it is the chamber B,which, with necessary changes in mere size and shape, is but a continuation of the nozzle B. On the floor of this chamber B is a rack h, and in the upper part of the chamber are openings h. Over the latter is a covering b2, which can be secured in place by screws or bolts b3. Through the openings b the screens or atomizers O are placed in the chamber B. These are made of any suitable 4 frame with wire-gauze stretched over same, or may be merely inely-perforated plates. The openings b and rack 'o are so regulated with respect to each other that these plates may in part be set vertically and part at an incline, the several plates coming one behind the other. Preferably the plate nearest the mouth of the nozzle will be about vertical, and the last plate the one Inost inclined. It is iinportant to have a series of screens standing one behind another, the one or more nearest the inlet from the air-blast having a considerable inclination, because in this way the division of the oil into spray is more easily effected, since the inclination of the first screen or screens more effectnally spreads out the oil, and thus exposes it to the air-blast. Vhile a nlm of oil is thus spread over the inclined screen or screens by gravity, the air-blast assists by taking up the drops from the nearer screens and projecting the same against the meshes of the ones behind, each successive screen cutting up into finer spray the oil, which by combined action of gravity and airblast is projected against its surface, the perpendicular screen at the back giving the final touch. These screens, While of same mesh, by being of different inclination, bring the horizontal lines of the mesh at varying distances, and cut the air and oil more completely than would otherwise be the case, and thus make a more perfect atomization. The inflow of oil is automatic as long as oil of the same consistency, the., is used, and is readily adjusted to heavier oil by watching its efect on the're, asin turning up or down of a lampwiek. Downward through the top of this chamber B,and so as to come in front of the rst inclined plate, projects the end d of the oil-pipe D. This pipe is suitably secured by screw-thread or `otherwise in the top of the chamber. Connection is made With the blowing apparatus by means of the quarter-turn or elboWE and nipple E, the former attached to the end of the chamber by screw and thenipple to the elbow in like manner.

While very little oil in this device finds its Way to the bottom of the nozzle B, yet in order to make the combustion perfect or to absolutely prevent the waste of a single drop of 4 oil, and thus secure the maximum measure of economy, a supplemental air-blast pipe G' is provided at or near the bottom or lower side of said nozzle. For this purpose at any suitable point in front of the chamber B the said supplementary blast-pipe G connects with the parts attached to the blowing apparatus, and this is carried forward below the said cham'- ber and the nozzle B, the end g being close to the lower edge of said nozzle B. The object is to tap the main air-blast and take from it a small pipe of air, carrying it through or IOC) around the screen-chamber, and having its orifice at the nozzle at g, when the drip from the screens, if any,will absolutely gather, and the drops of oil, instead of falling at the side of the furnace, are caught up by this little stream of air and projected into the iiame, insuring, as stated, a perfect economy of oil. The particular form of construction of this little supplementary air-pipe is of no importance; but the point consists in tapping the main pipe and not requiring a separate blast and introducing the air again at just the point required by the method of constructing the screen-chamber.

I am aware that heretofore through an annular chamber about the mouth of the oilpipe a blast has been forced; but this structure is expensive and does not concentrate the force of the blast at the point desired. In this invention the end of the supplementary blast is so located as to give the force of this blast upon the drip. Evidently in the mere form of the channel or conduit for this blast it is not essential that it be a part of the casting B B, or a supplementary pipe.

The operation of the device is as follows: The oil is admitted to the gauze-plate chamber B through the oilpipe D and falls on the gauze plates C. At the same time the airblast which enters through the nipple F and quarter-turn or elbow E forces the oil through the gauze-plates, thus atomizing it and projecting it through the nozzle B into the combustion-chamber of the furnace.

In most hydrocarbon-burners the atomized oil will collect near the opening or nozzle in small drops and will drip on the fire-brick or lining of the furnace without being burned. To obviate this, the supplementary blast-pipe G conducts a portion of the air-blast to the under side of the nozzle B at g and blows or sprays the drops into the combustion-chamber, thus burning all the oil. By using two or more gauze plates with suitable mesh the oil is sprayed or atomized without obstructing the air-blast to any great extent, thus making a Very hot and powerful fire suitable for welding, heating, or annealing. This method of construction enables my burner to be operated With a very light pressure of air, which may be provided by an ordinary fan pressureblower. In practice I find a pressure of four to eight ounces per4 square inch successfully operate it.

The burner is very easily constructed at a small cost and is easy of access for cleaning or changing the gauze plates.

Having now described my invention, I claiml. A hydrocarbon-burner for furnaces or steam-boilers, having interposed between the oil-supply pipe and the nozzle several wiregauze or finely-perforated plates respectively placed at an incline and vertically, as described, combined with means for connecting it with a blast apparatus, substantially as set forth.

2. In combination with the chamber B', having a rack b on its bottom and in its upper part the openings b', the oil-pipe D, and the gauze or perforated plates C, placed in position by means of said openings and rack and being in part vertical and in part inclined, as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In combination with the nozzle B and the chamber B', having the gauze or perforated plates C and the oil-pipe D, the supplementary blast-pipe G, ending close to the lower edge of the nozzle, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. In a hydrocarbon-burner having a nozzle or chamber provided with perforated screens, upon which the oil drops and through which the oil is forced to the point of combustion, and in combination therewith a supplementary pipe below said nozzle or chamber, through which the drip of oil at the mouth of the nozzle is sprayed into the furnace, substantially as set forth.

5. In combination with the burner provided internally with the inclined and the vertical Wire-gauze or perforated plates, a supplemental blast-pipe below the chamber, holding said plates and ending at the lower edge of the nozzle, whereby the blast through the main chamber and the supplemental pipe effectually sprays all the oil into the furnace.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

IILLIAM HADWEN AMES.

Vitnesses: A

ROBERT T. CoNRoY, L. C. SOUTHARD.

sufficient to 

